| Introduction - Mauritius: |
| Country | Mauritius |
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| Background | Although known to Arab and Malay sailors as early as the 10th century, Mauritius was first explored by the Portuguese in 1505; it was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africas highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community. |
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| Location - Mauritius: |
| Location | Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar |
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| Geographic coordinates | 20 17 S, 57 33 E |
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| Map references | Political Map of the World |
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| Area | total: 2,040 sq km
land: 2,030 sq km
water: 10 sq km
note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues |
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| Area comparative | almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC |
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| Land boundaries | 0 km |
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| Coastline | 177 km |
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| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin |
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| Climate | tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May) |
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| Terrain | small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau |
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| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Piton 828 m |
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| Natural resources | arable land, fish |
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| Land use | arable land: 49.02%
permanent crops: 2.94%
other: 48.04% (2005) |
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| Irrigated land | 220 sq km (2003) |
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| Natural hazards | cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards |
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| Environment current issues | water pollution, degradation of coral reefs |
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| Environment international agreements | party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| Geography note | the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs |
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| People - Mauritius: |
| Population | 1,250,882 (July 2007 est.) |
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| Age structure | 0-14 years: 23.5% (male 147,808/female 146,270)
15-64 years: 69.8% (male 436,043/female 437,441)
65 years and over: 6.7% (male 32,475/female 50,845) (2007 est.) |
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| Median age | total: 31.2 years
male: 30.3 years
female: 32.1 years (2007 est.) |
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| Population growth rate | 0.798% (2007 est.) |
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| Birth rate | 15.26 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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| Death rate | 6.88 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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| Net migration rate | -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.011 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.997 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.639 male(s)/female
total population: 0.971 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
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| Infant mortality rate | total: 14.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.72 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
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| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 72.88 years
male: 68.92 years
female: 76.9 years (2007 est.) |
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| Total fertility rate | 1.94 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
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| Hiv aids adult prevalence rate | 0.1% (2001 est.) |
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| Hiv aids people living with hiv aids | 700 (2001 est.) |
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| Hiv aids deaths | less than 100 (2001 est.) |
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| Nationality | noun: Mauritian(s)
adjective: Mauritian |
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| Ethnic groups | Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2% |
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| Religions | Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other Christian 8.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census) |
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| Languages | Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census) |
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| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 84.4%
male: 88.4%
female: 80.5% (2000 census) |
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| Government - Mauritius: |
| Country name | conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius
conventional short form: Mauritius
local long form: Republic of Mauritius
local short form: Mauritius |
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| Government type | parliamentary democracy |
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| Capital | name: Port Louis
geographic coordinates: 20 09 S, 57 29 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
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| Administrative divisions | 9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne |
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| Independence | 12 March 1968 (from UK) |
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| National holiday | Independence Day, 12 March (1968) |
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| Constitution | 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992 |
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| Legal system | based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations |
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| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal |
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| Executive branch | chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003); Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM (since 5 July 2005)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held in 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly
election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%; note - Karl OFFMANN stepped down on 30 September 2003 |
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| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly (70 seats; 62 members elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the election commission to give representation to various ethnic minorities; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 3 July 2005 (next to be held in 2010)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AS 38, MSM/MMM 22, OPR 2; appointed seats - AS 4, MSM/MMM 2, OPR 2 |
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| Judicial branch | Supreme Court |
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| Political parties and leaders | Alliance Sociale or AS; Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] (in coalition with MSM); Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM (the governing party) [Pravind JUGNAUTH]; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR] |
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| Political pressure groups and leaders | various labor unions |
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| International organization participation | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
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| Diplomatic representation in the us | chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH
chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492
FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983 |
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| Diplomatic representation from the us | chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE
embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis
mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450
telephone: [230] 202-4400
FAX: [230] 208-9534 |
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| Flag description | four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green |
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| Economy - Mauritius: |
| Economy overview | Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The governments development strategy centers on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). |
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| Gdp purchasing power parity | $17 billion (2006 est.) |
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| Gdp official exchange rate | $7.175 billion (2006 est.) |
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| Gdp real growth rate | 4.9% (2006 est.) |
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| Gdp per capita ppp | $13,700 (2006 est.) |
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| Gdp composition by sector | agriculture: 5.1%
industry: 25.2%
services: 69.7% (2006 est.) |
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| Labor force | 555,000 (2006 est.) |
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| Labor force by occupation | agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry 36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995) |
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| Unemployment rate | 9.4% (2006 est.) |
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| Population below poverty line | 10% (2001 est.) |
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| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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| Distribution of family income gini index | 37 (1987 est.) |
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| Inflation rate consumer prices | 8.9% (2006 est.) |
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| Investment gross fixed | 23.6% of GDP (2006 est.) |
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| Budget | revenues: $1.475 billion
expenditures: $1.854 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.) |
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| Public debt | 57.9% of GDP (2006 est.) |
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| Agriculture products | sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish |
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| Industries | food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism |
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| Industrial production growth rate | 8% (2000 est.) |
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| Electricity production | 2.107 billion kWh (2004) |
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| Electricity consumption | 1.96 billion kWh (2004) |
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| Electricity exports | 0 kWh (2004) |
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| Electricity imports | 0 kWh (2004) |
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| Oil production | 0 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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| Oil consumption | 21,500 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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| Oil exports | NA bbl/day |
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| Oil imports | NA bbl/day |
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| Oil proved reserves | 0 bbl |
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| Natural gas production | 0 cu m (2004 est.) |
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| Natural gas consumption | 0 cu m (2004 est.) |
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| Current account balance | -$651 million (2006 est.) |
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| Exports | $2.318 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
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| Exports commodities | clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses |
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| Exports partners | UK 30.5%, France 15.2%, UAE 10.5%, US 10.3%, Madagascar 7% (2006) |
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| Imports | $3.391 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
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| Imports commodities | manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals |
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| Imports partners | France 15.5%, South Africa 8.6%, India 7.4%, China 5.9%, Bahrain 5.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.2%, UAE 4.2%, Germany 4.1% (2006) |
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| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | $1.358 billion (2006 est.) |
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| Debt external | $2.834 billion (2006 est.) |
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| Economic aid recipient | $42 million (1997) |
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| Currency code | Mauritian rupee (MUR) |
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| Exchange rates | Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 31.656 (2006), 29.496 (2005), 27.499 (2004), 27.902 (2003), 29.962 (2002) |
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| Communications - Mauritius: |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June |
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| Telephones main lines in use | 357,300 (2006) |
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| Telephones mobile cellular | 772,400 (2006) |
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| Telephone system | general assessment: small system with good service
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system
international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia |
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| Radio broadcast stations | AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2001) |
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| Television broadcast stations | 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997) |
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| Internet country code | .mu |
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| Internet hosts | 4,997 (2006) |
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| Internet users | 182,000 (2006) |
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| Transportation - Mauritius: |
| Airports | 6 (2006) |
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| Airports with paved runways | total: 2
over 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006) |
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| Airports with unpaved runways | total: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2006) |
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| Roadways | total: 2,020 km
paved: 2,020 km (includes 75 km of expressways) (2005) |
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| Merchant marine | total: 6 ships (1000 GRT or over) 22,386 GRT/23,214 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 2, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 2
foreign-owned: 4 (India 2, Switzerland 2) (2006) |
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| Ports and terminals | Port Louis |
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| Military - Mauritius: |
| Military branches | no regular military forces; National Police Force, Special Mobile Force, National Coast Guard (2007) |
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| Manpower available for military service | males age 18-49: 313,271 (2005 est.) |
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| Military expenditures percent of gdp | 0.3% (2006 est.) |
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| Disputes international | Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius; claims French-administered Tromelin Island |
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