Monaco

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Introduction - Monaco:
Country	Monaco
Background	The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principalitys mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Location - Monaco:
Location	Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Geographic coordinates	43 44 N, 7 24 E
Map references	Europe
Area	total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area comparative	about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries	total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km
Coastline	4.1 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate	Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Terrain	hilly, rugged, rocky
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Natural resources	none
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Irrigated land	NA
Natural hazards	NA
Environment current issues	NA
Environment international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography note	second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
People - Monaco:
Population	32,671 (July 2007 est.)
Age structure	0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514/female 2,394) 15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047/female 10,312) 65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3,019/female 4,385) (2007 est.)
Median age	total: 45.5 years male: 43.4 years female: 47.4 years (2007 est.)
Population growth rate	0.386% (2007 est.)
Birth rate	9.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate	12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Net migration rate	7.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.82 years male: 75.99 years female: 83.85 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate	1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Hiv aids adult prevalence rate	NA
Hiv aids people living with hiv aids	NA
Hiv aids deaths	NA
Nationality	noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Ethnic groups	French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Religions	Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
Languages	French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)
Government - Monaco:
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco
Government type	constitutional monarchy
Capital	name: Monaco geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions	none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Independence	1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)
National holiday	National Day (Saint Rainiers Day), 19 November (1857)
Constitution	17 December 1962
Legal system	based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005) head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Legislative branch	unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Political parties and leaders	National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
International organization participation	ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in the us	chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and UN Gilles NOGHES chancery: 565 Fifth Avenue, 3rd floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: (212) 286-0500 FAX: (212) 286-1574
Diplomatic representation from the us	the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
Economy - Monaco:
Economy overview	Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
Gdp purchasing power parity	$976.3 million note: Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates are extremely rough (2006 est.)
Gdp official exchange rate	NA
Gdp real growth rate	0.9% (2000 est.)
Gdp per capita ppp	$30,000 (2006 est.)
Gdp composition by sector	agriculture: 0% industry: 4.9% services: 95.1% (2005)
Labor force	44,000 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	0% (2005)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate consumer prices	1.9% (2000)
Budget	revenues: $863 million expenditures: $920.6 million; including capital expenditures of $305 million (2005 est.)
Agriculture products	none
Industries	tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Industrial production growth rate	NA%
Electricity consumption	NA kWh
Electricity imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
Exports	$716.3 million note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)
Imports	$916.1 million note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)
Debt external	$18 billion (2000 est.)
Economic aid recipient	$NA
Currency code	euro (EUR)
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
Communications - Monaco:
Fiscal year	calendar year
Telephones main lines in use	34,000 (2005)
Telephones mobile cellular	17,200 (2005)
Telephone system	general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Television broadcast stations	5 (1998)
Internet country code	.mc
Internet hosts	12,720 (2006)
Internet users	20,000 (2006)
Transportation - Monaco:
Heliports	1 (2006)
Roadways	total: 50 km paved: 50 km (1999)
Merchant marine	registered in other countries: 77 (Bahamas 17, Barbados 1, Bermuda 2, France 1, Georgia 13, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 10, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 4, Panama 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Switzerland 2, unknown 1) (2006)
Ports and terminals	Monaco
Military - Monaco:
Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 6,256 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 4,971 (2005 est.)
Military note	defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)
Manpower reaching military service age annually	males age 18-49: 148 (2005 est.)