Greenland

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Introduction - Greenland:
Country	Greenland


Background	Greenland, the worlds largest island, is about 81% ice-capped. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland was made an integral part of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973, but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland was granted self-government in 1979 by the Danish parliament; the law went into effect the following year. Denmark continues to exercise control of Greenlands foreign affairs in consultation with Greenlands Home Rule Government.


Location - Greenland:
Location	Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada

Geographic coordinates	72 00 N, 40 00 W

Map references	Arctic Region

Area	total: 2,166,086 sq km land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered) (2000 est.)

Area comparative	slightly more than three times the size of Texas

Land boundaries	0 km

Coastline	44,087 km

Maritime claims	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line

Climate	arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters

Terrain	flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast

Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m

Natural resources	coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)

Irrigated land	NA

Natural hazards	continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island

Environment current issues	protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting

Geography note	dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast, but close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; worlds second largest ice cap

People - Greenland:
Population	56,344 (July 2007 est.)

Age structure	0-14 years: 24% (male 6,926/female 6,597) 15-64 years: 69.1% (male 20,901/female 18,012) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 1,873/female 2,035) (2007 est.)

Dependency status	part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979

Median age	total: 34.1 years male: 35.4 years female: 32.3 years (2007 est.)

Population growth rate	-0.03% (2007 est.)

Birth rate	16.01 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate	7.93 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Net migration rate	-8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratio	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.16 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.115 male(s)/female (2007 est.)

Infant mortality rate	total: 14.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)

Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.23 years male: 66.65 years female: 73.9 years (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate	2.4 children born/woman (2007 est.)

Hiv aids adult prevalence rate	NA

Hiv aids people living with hiv aids	100 (1999)

Hiv aids deaths	NA

Nationality	noun: Greenlander(s) adjective: Greenlandic

Ethnic groups	Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others 12% (2000)

Religions	Evangelical Lutheran

Languages	Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English

Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2001 est.)

Government - Greenland:
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Greenland local long form: none local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat

Government type	parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Capital	name: Nuuk (Godthab) geographic coordinates: 64 11 N, 51 45 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: Greenland is divided into four time zones

Administrative divisions	3 districts (landsdele); Avannaa (Nordgronland), Tunu (Ostgronland), Kitaa (Vestgronland) note: there are 18 municipalities in Greenland

Independence	none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)

National holiday	June 21 (longest day)

Constitution	5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Legal system	the laws of Denmark, where applicable, apply

Suffrage	18 years of age; universal

Executive branch	chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Soren MOLLER (since April 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Hans ENOKSEN (since 14 December 2002) cabinet: Home Rule Government is elected by the parliament (Landstinget) on the basis of the strength of parties elections: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; prime minister is elected by parliament (usually the leader of the majority party); election results: Hans ENOKSEN reelected prime minister note: government coalition - Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit

Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 15 November 2005 (next to be held by December 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 30.7%, Demokratiit 22.8%, IA 22.6%, Atassut Party 19.1%; Katusseqatigiit 4.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - Siumut 10, Demokratiit 7, IA 7, Atassut 6, Katusseqatigiit 1 note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 8 February 2005 (next to be held in February 2009); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Siumut 1, Inuit Ataqatigiit 1

Judicial branch	High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)

Political parties and leaders	Atassut Party (Solidarity) [Finn KARLSEN] (a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark); Demokratiit [Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood) [Josef MOTZFELDT] (a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule); Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List) (an independent right-of-center party with no official platform); Siumut (Forward Party) [Hans ENOKSEN] (a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark)

Political pressure groups and leaders	NA

International organization participation	Arctic Council, NC, NIB, UPU

Diplomatic representation in the us	none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Diplomatic representation from the us	none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white

Economy - Greenland:
Economy overview	The economy remains critically dependent on exports of fish and substantial support from the Danish Government, which supplies about half of government revenues. The public sector, including publicly-owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant role in the economy. Several interesting hydrocarbon and mineral exploration activities are ongoing. Press reports in early 2007 indicated that two international aluminum companies were considering building smelters in Greenland to take advantage of local hydropower potential. Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential, and even this is limited due to a short season and high costs. Air Greenland announced plans to begin summer-season direct flights to the U.S. east coast in May 2007 potentially opening a major new tourism market.

Gdp purchasing power parity	$1.1 billion (2001 est.)

Gdp official exchange rate	$1.7 billion (2005)

Gdp real growth rate	2% (2005 est.)

Gdp per capita ppp	$20,000 (2001 est.)

Gdp composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%

Labor force	32,120 (2004)

Unemployment rate	9.3% (2005 est.)

Population below poverty line	NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate consumer prices	1% (2005 est.)

Budget	revenues: $1.36 billion expenditures: $1.27 billion; including capital expenditures of $83 million (2005)

Agriculture products	forage crops, garden and greenhouse vegetables; sheep, reindeer; fish

Industries	fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut); gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron and diamond mining; handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards

Industrial production growth rate	NA%

Electricity production	295 million kWh (2004)

Electricity consumption	274.4 million kWh (2004)

Electricity exports	0 kWh (2004)

Electricity imports	0 kWh (2004)

Oil production	0 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil consumption	3,860 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil exports	NA bbl/day

Oil imports	NA bbl/day

Oil proved reserves	0 bbl

Natural gas production	0 cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas consumption	0 cu m (2004 est.)

Exports	$404 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Exports commodities	fish and fish products 94% (prawns 63%)

Exports partners	Denmark 67.7%, Japan 11.8%, China 5.5% (2006)

Imports	$599 million c.i.f. (2005 est.)

Imports commodities	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products

Imports partners	Denmark 70%, Sweden 16.3%, Norway 3.7% (2006)

Debt external	$25 million (1999)

Economic aid recipient	$512 million; note - subsidy from Denmark (2005)

Currency code	Danish krone (DKK)

Exchange rates	Danish kroner per US dollar - 5.9468 (2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003), 7.8947 (2002)

Communications - Greenland:
Fiscal year	calendar year

Telephones main lines in use	25,300 (2002)

Telephones mobile cellular	32,200 (2004)

Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables and microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995 domestic: microwave radio relay and satellite international: country code - 299; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean) (2000)

Radio broadcast stations	AM 5, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)

Television broadcast stations	1 (plus some local low-power stations, and 3 Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) stations (1997)

Internet country code	.gl

Internet hosts	8,851 (2006)

Internet users	38,000 (2005)

Transportation - Greenland:
Airports	14 (2006)

Airports with paved runways	total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 5 (2006)

Airports with unpaved runways	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2006)

Roadways	total: NA note: while there are short roads in towns, there are no roads between towns; inter-town transport takes place either by sea or air (2005)

Merchant marine	total: 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 5,540 GRT/2,540 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger 2 registered in other countries: 2 (Cyprus 1, Denmark 1) (2006)

Ports and terminals	Sisimiut

Military - Greenland:
Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 14,653 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 10,199 (2005 est.)

Military note	defense is the responsibility of Denmark

Manpower reaching military service age annually	males age 18-49: 440 (2005 est.)