Cote dIvoire

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Introduction - Cote dIvoire:
Country	Cote dIvoire


Background	Close ties to France since independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment made Cote dIvoire one of the most prosperous of the tropical African states, but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote dIvoires history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and brought runner-up Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002. Rebel forces claimed the northern half of the country, and in January 2003 were granted ministerial positions in a unity government under the auspices of the Linas-Marcoussis Peace Accord. President GBAGBO and rebel forces resumed implementation of the peace accord in December 2003 after a three-month stalemate, but issues that sparked the civil war, such as land reform and grounds for citizenship, remain unresolved. The central government has yet to exert control over the northern regions and tensions remain high between GBAGBO and opposition leaders. Several thousand French and West African troops remain in Cote dIvoire to maintain peace and facilitate the disarmament, demobilization, and rehabilitation process.


Location - Cote dIvoire:
Location	Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia

Geographic coordinates	8 00 N, 5 00 W

Map references	Africa

Area	total: 322,460 sq km land: 318,000 sq km water: 4,460 sq km

Area comparative	slightly larger than New Mexico

Land boundaries	total: 3,110 km border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km

Coastline	515 km

Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm

Climate	tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)

Terrain	mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest

Elevation extremes	lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m

Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower

Land use	arable land: 10.23% permanent crops: 11.16% other: 78.61% (2005)

Irrigated land	730 sq km (2003)

Natural hazards	coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible

Environment current issues	deforestation (most of the countrys forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents

Environment international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography note	most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated

People - Cote dIvoire:
Population	18,013,409 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)

Age structure	0-14 years: 40.6% (male 3,603,386/female 3,711,211) 15-64 years: 56.6% (male 5,128,824/female 5,060,027) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 246,130/female 263,831) (2007 est.)

Median age	total: 19.3 years male: 19.5 years female: 19 years (2007 est.)

Population growth rate	1.995% (2007 est.)

Birth rate	34.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate	14.74 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.971 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.014 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.933 male(s)/female total population: 0.994 male(s)/female (2007 est.)

Infant mortality rate	total: 87.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 103.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 70.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)

Life expectancy at birth	total population: 49 years male: 46.43 years female: 51.66 years (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate	4.43 children born/woman (2007 est.)

Hiv aids adult prevalence rate	7% (2003 est.)

Hiv aids people living with hiv aids	570,000 (2003 est.)

Hiv aids deaths	47,000 (2003 est.)

Nationality	noun: Ivoirian(s) adjective: Ivoirian

Major infectious diseases	degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, yellow fever, and others are high risks in some locations water contact: schistosomiasis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified among birds in this country or surrounding region; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2007)

Ethnic groups	Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)

Religions	Muslim 35-40%, indigenous 25-40%, Christian 20-30% (2001) note: the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)

Languages	French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken

Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 50.9% male: 57.9% female: 43.6% (2003 est.)

Government - Cote dIvoire:
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Cote dIvoire conventional short form: Cote dIvoire local long form: Republique de Cote dIvoire local short form: Cote dIvoire former: Ivory Coast

Government type	republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960 note: the government is currently operating under a power-sharing agreement mandated by international mediators

Capital	name: Yamoussoukro geographic coordinates: 6 49 N, 5 17 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the commercial and administrative center; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan

Administrative divisions	19 regions; Agneby, Bafing, Bas-Sassandra, Denguele, Dix-Huit Montagnes, Fromager, Haut-Sassandra, Lacs, Lagunes, Marahoue, Moyen-Cavally, Moyen-Comoe, Nzi-Comoe, Savanes, Sud-Bandama, Sud-Comoe, Vallee du Bandama, Worodougou, Zanzan

Independence	7 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday	Independence Day, 7 August (1960)

Constitution	approved by referendum 23 July 2000

Legal system	based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage	18 years of age; universal

Executive branch	chief of state: President Laurent GBAGBO (since 26 October 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Guillaume SORO (since 4 April 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - under the current power-sharing agreement the prime minister and the president share the authority to appoint ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 26 October 2000 (next to be held by October 2007, after the government postponed elections in 2005 and 2006 and the UN Security Council voted to extend its mandate); prime minister appointed by the president (current Prime Minister BANNY was appointed by African Union mediators as part of the existing power-sharing agreement) election results: Laurent GBAGBO elected president; percent of vote - Laurent GBAGBO 59.4%, Robert GUEI 32.7%, Francis WODIE 5.7%, other 2.2%

Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (225 seats; members are elected in single- and multi-district elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: elections last held 10 December 2000 with by-elections on 14 January 2001 (next to be held by October 2007 after the government postponed the elections in 2005 and 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FPI 96, PDCI-RDA 94, RDR 5, PIT 4, other 2, independents 22, vacant 2 note: a Senate that was scheduled to be created in the October 2006 elections never took place

Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases, and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit to the number of members

Political parties and leaders	Citizens Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG]; Democratic Party of Cote dIvoire-African Democratic Rally or PDCI-RDA [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Laurent GBAGBO]; Ivorian Workers Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Opposition Movement of the Future or MFA [Anaky KOBENAN]; Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote dIvoire or UDPCI [Mabri TOIKEUSE]; over 20 smaller parties

Political pressure groups and leaders	Federation of University and High School Students of Cote dIvoire or FESCI [Serges KOFFI]; Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alphonse DJEDJE MADY]; Young Patriots [Charles BLE GOUDE]

International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the us	chief of mission: Ambassador Daouda DIABATE chancery: 3421 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 797-0300 FAX: [1] (202) 244-3088

Diplomatic representation from the us	chief of mission: Ambassador Aubrey HOOKS embassy: Riviera Golf 01, Abidjan mailing address: B. P. 1866, Abidjan 01 telephone: [225] 20 21 09 79 FAX: [225] 20 22 32 59

Flag description	three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France

Economy - Cote dIvoire:
Economy overview	Cote dIvoire is among the worlds largest producers and exporters of coffee, cocoa beans, and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to weather conditions and to fluctuations in international prices for these products. Despite government attempts to diversify the economy, it is still heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, engaging roughly 68% of the population. Growth was negative in 2000-03 because of the difficulty of meeting the conditions of international donors, continued low prices of key exports, foreign divestment and civil war. Political turmoil has continued to damage the economy since 2004, with a rising risk premium associated with doing business in the country, foreign investment shriveling, transportation costs increasing, French businesses fleeing, and criminal elements that traffic in weapons and diamonds gaining ground. The government will continue to survive financially off of the sale of cocoa, which represents 90% of foreign exchange earnings, but the government will probably lose between 10% and 20% of its cocoa harvest to northern rebels who smuggle the cocoa they control to neighboring countries where cocoa prices are higher. The government remains hopeful that ongoing exploration of Cote dIvoires offshore oil reserves will result in significant production that could boost daily crude output from roughly 33,000 barrels per day (b/d) to more than 200,000 b/d by the end of the decade.

Gdp purchasing power parity	$29.05 billion (2006 est.)

Gdp official exchange rate	$17.19 billion (2006 est.)

Gdp real growth rate	1.2% (2006 est.)

Gdp per capita ppp	$1,600 (2006 est.)

Gdp composition by sector	agriculture: 27% industry: 18.5% services: 54.5% (2006 est.)

Labor force	6.738 million (68% agricultural) (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate	13% in urban areas (1998)

Population below poverty line	37% (1995)

Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3.1% highest 10%: 28.8% (1995)

Distribution of family income gini index	45.2 (1998)

Inflation rate consumer prices	3.2% (2006 est.)

Investment gross fixed	11.8% of GDP (2006 est.)

Budget	revenues: $2.837 billion expenditures: $3.154 billion; including capital expenditures of $420 million (2006 est.)

Public debt	69.4% of GDP (2006 est.)

Agriculture products	coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber

Industries	foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity, ship construction and repair

Industrial production growth rate	15% (1998 est.)

Electricity production	4.625 billion kWh (2004)

Electricity consumption	3.202 billion kWh (2004)

Electricity exports	1.1 billion kWh (2004)

Electricity imports	0 kWh (2004)

Oil production	32,900 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil consumption	23,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil exports	NA bbl/day

Oil imports	NA bbl/day

Oil proved reserves	220 million bbl (2006 est.)

Natural gas production	1.3 billion cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas consumption	1.3 billion cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas exports	0 cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas imports	0 cu m (2004 est.)

Natural gas proved reserves	28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2005 est.)

Current account balance	$460 million (2006 est.)

Exports	$7.832 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Exports commodities	cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish

Exports partners	France 18.3%, Netherlands 9.7%, US 9.1%, Nigeria 7.2%, Germany 4.2% (2006)

Imports	$5.548 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Imports commodities	fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs

Imports partners	Nigeria 27.6%, France 25.4%, China 4.3% (2006)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$1.4 billion (2006 est.)

Debt external	$11.96 billion (2006 est.)

Economic aid recipient	ODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)

Currency code	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 522.89 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002)

Communications - Cote dIvoire:
Fiscal year	calendar year

Telephones main lines in use	260,900 (2006)

Telephones mobile cellular	4.065 million (2006)

Telephone system	general assessment: well developed by African standards but operating well below capacity domestic: open-wire lines and microwave radio relay; 90% digitalized international: country code - 225; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); 2 submarine cables (June 1999)

Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (1998)

Television broadcast stations	14 (1998)

Internet country code	.ci

Internet hosts	2,534 (2006)

Internet users	300,000 (2006)

Transportation - Cote dIvoire:
Airports	35 (2006)

Airports with paved runways	total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2006)

Airports with unpaved runways	total: 28 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 5 (2006)

Pipelines	condensate 109 km; gas 240 km; oil 112 km (2006)

Railways	total: 660 km narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000 meter gauge note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso (2006)

Roadways	total: 80,000 km paved: 6,500 km unpaved: 73,500 km note: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are impassable (2006)

Waterways	980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons) (2006)

Ports and terminals	Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro

Military - Cote dIvoire:
Military branches	Cote dIvoire Defense and Security Forces (FDSC): Army, Navy, Air Force (2006)

Military service age and obligation	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)

Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 3,696,106 females age 18-49: 3,569,967 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 1,973,265 females age 18-49: 1,911,777 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually	males age 18-49: 189,354 females age 18-49: 192,600 (2005 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 39,919 (Liberia) IDPs: 750,000 (2002 coup; most IDPs are in western regions) (2006)

Military expenditures percent of gdp	1.6% (2005 est)

Disputes international	despite the presence of over 9,000 UN forces (UNOCI) in Cote dIvoire since 2004, ethnic conflict there has displaced hundreds of thousands of Ivorians in and out of the country as well as driven out migrants from neighboring states who worked in Ivorian cocoa plantations; Ivorian rebels reportedly hide along the borders of neighboring states